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Eutelsat lance sans Facebook ses satellites à l’assaut des déserts numériques africains – Afrikanet

Eutelsat lance sans Facebook ses satellites à l’assaut des déserts numériques africains

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News and EventsTuesday December 12th, 2017
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Dix mois après l’explosion au décollage d’un satellite qu’Eutelsat devait exploiter avec Facebook à destination de l’Afrique, l’opérateur de satellites a lancé début juin la commercialisation de services internet haut débit dans une dizaine de pays africains. L’objectif initial est de toucher plusieurs dizaines de milliers de personnes, avant de couvrir l’ensemble du continent.

Dix mois après l’explosion au décollage d’un satellite qu’Eutelsat devait exploiter avec Facebook à destination de l’Afrique, l’opérateur de satellites a lancé début juin la commercialisation de services internet haut débit dans une dizaine de pays africains. L’objectif initial est de toucher plusieurs dizaines de milliers de personnes, avant de couvrir l’ensemble du continent.

Cette fois, c’est la bonne. L’opérateur satellitaire européen Eutelsat, qui avait annoncé en octobre 2015 le lancement d’un projet d’accès à internet en haut débit par satellite pour l’Afrique subsaharienne, avec Facebook notamment qui voulait y étendre son offre gratuite Internet.org, avait connu un sérieux contre-temps après l’explosion d’un de ses satellites au décollage, le 1er septembre 2016.

Mais depuis quelques jours Konnect Africa, la filiale d’abord nommée Broadband for Africa qu’Eutelsat a spécifiquement créée pour étendre le réseau internet en Afrique, a finalement lancé ses services au Bénin, au Cameroun, au Kenya, au Lesotho, au Nigeria, en Afrique du Sud, au Swaziland, en Tanzanie et en Ouganda.

Pour parvenir à ce lancement, la petite équipe de quelques dizaines de personnes qui constitue Konnect Africa s’est associée avec des fournisseurs d’accès à internet dans chacun de ces pays, comme Bloosat et AfrikaNet au Cameroun.

Aller là où les réseaux filaires n’arrivent pas

Objectif : « Aller là où les réseaux filaires n’arrivent pas », dit Laurent Grimaldi, le directeur général de Konnect Africa. Plusieurs services seront commercialisés par les fournisseurs d’accès à internet à partir des débits satellitaires émis par Konnect Africa : accès individuel et collectif pour les villages, points Wi-Fi, offres familiales et destinées aux entreprises.

Car si le continent compte désormais près de 281 millions d’internautes et un internet mobile florissant,  l’accès à l’internet fixe en Afrique subsaharienne est demeuré faible ces dix dernières années. Un dixième à peine des populations subsahariennes y a accès, alors que les pays développés ont fait progresser leur taux de couverture de l’internet fixe de moins de 60 % de la population en 2006 à plus de 80 % en 2014.

L’un des fondements de l’ « exclusion numérique » pointée par la Banque mondiale se situe dans un prix d’abonnement aux offres internet souvent encore rédhibitoire. En arrière-plan, il y a également la difficulté à surmonter le coût de construction des « 1 000 derniers kilomètres d’infrastructures » qui permettraient d’amener le réseau jusqu’aux usagers finaux.

L’Internet fixe reste très cher en Afrique

« En Afrique, être enclavé ajoute 232 dollars au coût moyen mensuel d’accès à internet », estime la Banque mondiale. Le prix d’une connexion internet haut débit (un mégabit par seconde) en parité de pouvoir d’achat est en moyenne de 206,61 dollars mensuels par mois sur les côtes africaines, contre 438,82 dollars en moyenne dans les pays enclavés du continent. Des chiffres à comparer aux 8,53 dollars mensuels qu’il en coûte en moyenne dans les pays de l’OCDE.

De son côté, Konnect Africa évoque pour sa part « l’accès aux points Wi-Fi pour quelques centimes de dollars », « les offres familiales pour quelques dizaines de dollars » et des débits de plusieurs dizaines de mégabits par seconde. « Nous sommes un complément idéal de la fibre qui n’ira pas partout », explique Laurent Grimaldi à Jeune Afrique.

Exit Facebook qui n’est pas associé à Konnect Africa du fait de la spectaculaire explosion sur la base de Cap Canaveral en Floride. Cependant Eutelsat « espère poursuivre ses discussions » avec le réseau social. Fin 2016, Facebook estimait à 50 millions de le nombre d’usagers de Internet.org, un service d’accès à internet gratuit lancé par Facebook il y a deux ans dans quelque 40 pays, dont la moitié en Afrique. Le satellite dont le lancement a échoué en septembre devait aider à développer Internet.org.

Un autre satellite pour couvrir l’Afrique en 2019

Contacté par Jeune Afrique, la firme de Mark Zuckerberg n’a pas indiqué si le lancement de nouveaux satellites restait à l’ordre du jour de ses projets africains.

Créée en 1977 sous la forme d’une coopérative réunissant les États européens, Eutelsat a lancé ses opérations en Afrique au début des années 2000, à la faveur de la couverture des territoires français de l’océan Indien. Quatre des ses 39 satellites en orbite diffusent en Afrique environ 1 200 chaînes de télévision. C’est sur cette flotte de satellites que des capacités internet haut débit sont commercialisées depuis juin à destination de l’Afrique.

Et Eutelsat n’entend pas s’arrêter là. Un satellite de nouvelle génération visant à servir le marché internet haut débit en Afrique a déjà été commandé. Sa mise en orbite est prévue en 2019. Un marché potentiel, selon Laurent Grimaldi, de « 350 à 400 millions de personnes ».

Source : Jeune Afrique

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